ANATOMY OF PELVIS:

INTRODUCTION:

The pelvis provide a protective shield for the important pelvic Contents ,it serves to supports the trunk and helps in transmission Of body weight to lower limbs during walking and sitting.
Yet the female pelvis serves another vital function to protect the Reproductive organs and the developing feotus during early Pregnancy.

The bony pelvis is formed by the
1. Two innominate (hip bones)
2.Sacrum
3. Coccyx.

The sacrum is composed of five fused vertebras and forms the Posterior pelvic column.
These bones articulate at the symphysis pubis and at the right and Left sacroiliac joint to form a bony ring. They are held together by Some of the strongest ligaments in the body.
The pelvic complex comprises four joints I.E two synovial Sacroiliac joints, two syndesmosis secondary cartilaginous joints (one pubic symphysis and one sacrococcygeal joint) The female pelvis differs from the male pelvis in being shallower, having Straighter sides, a wider angle at symphysis and larger pelvic The outlet helps the fetal head to enter, rotate and leave the Pelvis during labour.
“in simple terms, the female pelvis is shallow, wider, curvy and lighter When compared to male pelvis “.
Wider and shorter female pelvis compared to male.
The deep pelvic cavity which is oval-shaped in females compared to male Heart-shaped .

Female reproductive system / genital tract: It consist of highly specialised organs whose structure is Elegantly functional: two ovaries,two fallopian tubes,the uterus And the vagina.


Most important is to know about the muscles of the pelvis and pelvic Floor/ diaphragm’.
Kegel described the pelvic floor as five layers of fascia and Muscles are attached to the bony ring of the pelvis. Muscles of the pelvic floor, 1.Anal sphincter- internal and external sphincter ,puborectalis Ring.
Function: these three muscles work together to prevent fecal Incontinence.

2. Urogenital triangle has two division A.Superficial perineal - bulbocavernous
Ischiocavernous
Superficial transverse perineal

B.Urogenital diaphragm- urethrovaginal sphincter
Sphincter urethrae
Compressor urethrae.

Function : A.It stabilises the perineal body and aids in a clitoral erection.
B.Serves in compression of urethra.
3.Pelvic diaphragm- coccygeus

Levator ani muscles-
1.Pubococcygeuspuborectalis & pubovaginalis.
2. Iliococcygeus
Function:
A.It flex the coccyx.
B. Compression of vagina ,urethra and rectum.