ANATOMY OF PELVIS:
INTRODUCTION:
The pelvis provide a protective shield for the important pelvic
Contents ,it serves to supports the trunk and helps in transmission
Of body weight to lower limbs during walking and sitting.
Yet the female pelvis serves another vital function to protect the
Reproductive organs and the developing feotus during early
Pregnancy.
The bony pelvis is formed by the
1. Two innominate (hip bones)
2.Sacrum
3. Coccyx.
The sacrum is composed of five fused vertebras and forms the
Posterior pelvic column.
These bones articulate at the symphysis pubis and at the right and
Left sacroiliac joint to form a bony ring. They are held together by
Some of the strongest ligaments in the body.
The pelvic complex comprises four joints I.E two synovial
Sacroiliac joints, two syndesmosis secondary cartilaginous joints
(one pubic symphysis and one sacrococcygeal joint)
The female pelvis differs from the male pelvis in being shallower, having
Straighter sides, a wider angle at symphysis and larger pelvic
The outlet helps the fetal head to enter, rotate and leave the
Pelvis during labour.
“in simple terms, the female pelvis is shallow, wider, curvy and lighter
When compared to male pelvis “.
Wider and shorter female pelvis compared to male.
The deep pelvic cavity which is oval-shaped in females compared to male
Heart-shaped .
Female reproductive system / genital tract:
It consist of highly specialised organs whose structure is
Elegantly functional: two ovaries,two fallopian tubes,the uterus
And the vagina.
Most important is to know about the muscles of the pelvis and pelvic
Floor/ diaphragm’.
Kegel described the pelvic floor as five layers of fascia and
Muscles are attached to the bony ring of the pelvis.
Muscles of the pelvic floor,
1.Anal sphincter- internal and external sphincter ,puborectalis
Ring.
Function: these three muscles work together to prevent fecal
Incontinence.
2. Urogenital triangle has two division
A.Superficial perineal - bulbocavernous
Ischiocavernous
Superficial transverse perineal
B.Urogenital diaphragm- urethrovaginal sphincter
Sphincter urethrae
Compressor urethrae.
Function :
A.It stabilises the perineal body and aids in a clitoral erection.
B.Serves in compression of urethra.
3.Pelvic diaphragm- coccygeus
Levator ani muscles- 1.Pubococcygeuspuborectalis
& pubovaginalis.
2. Iliococcygeus
Function:
A.It flex the coccyx.
B. Compression of vagina ,urethra and rectum.